The Hobbit By JRR Tolken Essay Research free essay sample

The Hobbit By J.R.R. Tolken Essay, Research Paper The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolken Bilbo Baggins is a hobbit, one of a race of short, timid animals who live in cosy tunnels and who prefer to maintain their lives ordered and predictable. One twenty-four hours, he out of the blue finds himself playing host to Gandalf the ace and 13 midgets. The midgets, with Gandalf # 8217 ; s assist, program to go to the Lonely Mountain to retrieve the hoarded wealth that a firedrake named Smaug stole from their people long ago. Gandalf has selected Bilbo to be their burglar. The midgets are non excessively happy with the ace # 8217 ; s pick, particularly when Bilbo swoons at the first talk of danger. But Gandalf insists there is more to the small hobbit than meets the oculus. Bilbo himself is non certain that he is happy about being chosen burglar. But a portion of him does hanker for escapade, and so one spring forenoon he finds himself puting out for Lonely Mountain with Gandalf and the 13 midgets. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hobbit By JRR Tolken Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He does non turn out really helpful at first. But so something happens that alterations Bilbo # 8217 ; s life. He finds a charming ring that makes him unseeable, and has several chances to utilize it to deliver the midgets from danger and imprisonment. They go rather impressed by him, and even trust on him, merely as Gandalf foretold. Bilbo and the midgets eventually reach Lonely Mountain, the place of Smaug the firedrake. The midgets send Bilbo down a secret transition to the firedrake # 8217 ; s den. Bilbo has more assurance in himself now and non merely steals a cup, but manages to keep his ain in a conversation with the crafty Smaug ( non an easy thing to make ) .Furious that person has dared steal a piece of his hoarded wealth, Smaug onslaughts the versant where the midgets have their cantonment. Then he flies toward Lake- town, to penalize the dwellers for assisting the midgets. The people of Lake-town tally at the sight of Smaug, but one adult male, Bard, holds his land. He kills the firedrake with his last pointer and flights before Smaug falls, nailing the town. Believing the midgets are dead, an ground forces of work forces, led by Bard, and an ground forces of elves march toward the Lonely Mountain to split the hoarded wealth. They find to their surprise that the midgets are still alive. Bard, because he killed the firedrake, claims his rightful portion of the hoarded wealth. When the midgets refuse to resignation it, the ground forces besieges the mountain. Bilbo tries to stop the difference by stealing the Arkenstone, the piece of hoarded wealth most valued by the leade R of the midgets. He gives the gem to Bard, trusting it can be used to coerce the midgets to negociate. Bilbo # 8217 ; s courage wins him praise from all but the midgets, who are ferocious with him. When more midgets arrive from the North, they are determined to contend. Just as war begins to interrupt out, an ground forces of hobs and wild wolves onslaught. The midgets, elves, and work forces forget their differences and fall in together to maintain from being killed. Help comesat the clip of greatest demand, and the hobs are defeated. Bilbo finds that he # 8217 ; s a hero, honored by work forces and elves and even given a portion of the hoarded wealth. But he # 8217 ; s had sufficiency of escapade and sets off for place with Gandalf. Once at that place, he finds that his house and trappingss are being auctioned off, since everyone believed him dead. Finally, everything is straightened out and he is able to settle down once more into his old, comfy life. Although from so on, he is considered bizarre by his neighbours, he continues his friendly relationship with elves and midgets and the ace, merrily telling his narratives to any who will listen. Subjects are rather apparent throughout the narrative of The Hobbit and some of them were more important than others. The inquiry of determinism is merely hinted at in the last chapter of The Hobbit, when Gandalf suggests to Bilbo that his escapades may hold been completed for some higher intent. In The Hobbit the immoralities of possessiveness can be easy seen. The hobbits are corrupted by their desire for hoarded wealth, and their greed about leads to war with work forces and elves. The chief subject that prevails in this Tolken novel is the on traveling battle between the elite and the plebeians. This can be seen most clearly in The Hobbit. They are weak and frequently foolish, yet capable of great Acts of the Apostless of gallantry that amaze even the really wise and the such as when Bilbo stole the ownerships of Smaug. The Hobbit was a heroic poem novel written by the greatest writer of his clip. The Hobbit falls in the series of books that include The Lord of the Rings and have a full book decision to the trilogy called The Simacurilium. The manner that Tolken writes his book is a manner that brings forth the fealing that it is being read to aloud and the reader is acctually along side Gandalf due to the usage of vivid words and different literary techniques. The novels are rather deserving reading and a 1 is promised that they shall non acquire bored with Gandalf and all his fantastic escapades.

Administrative Strategy of Australian Universities-Free-Samples

Question: State and evaluate the reasons why University of Australia is facing problems in the Brini Island of Pacific in regards to its administration. Answer: Identification of problems and analyzing The University of Australia has opened successfully a new campus in Brini which is a Pacific Island Nation. However, it met with a few challenges in the beginning in terms of establishing connections with the local culture and an interpersonal relation is also a matter of big trust. However this problem also being retained further while managing the top management by the Director Manager Jack Solan. The administrative team of University of Australia was also not disciplined and also there are many other problems which are listed below. Building Trust and cultural connections The Uncertainty and Reduction Theory is one of the major theories which describe about the process through which one gains knowledge about a stranger by going through the steps of uncertainty. This level of uncertainty enhances the distance between the people (Hogg, 2016). This can be reduced through waging interactive strategies of asking questions and self disclosure. This theory can be related to the problem when Jack Solan, who was an outsider, the managing director of University of Australia noticed some of the major business practices compared to the country Australia. He faced uncertainty behavior from the local organizations while he attended meeting with the Government. He was completely ignored and the discussion was carried on in the local language. Later Kevin Balna, the Director from Brini said that the outsiders are not trusted normally (Smith, 2013). Administrative Management Theory by Henry Fayol According to this theory, while running a business, the division of the work is needed to be proper and accordingly there must be a discipline which is the true identity of the business. It means the business must have specific goals and objectives (Murugesan, 2014). The justice needs to be done with the work and the unity of the command has to be strict to ensure the running of the business properly. This can be evaluated with the problems that are being happening inside the University of Australia. Inside the University, Jack Solan noticed that the administrative staffs have chosen different timings of their arrival. Even the other rooms were left completely which gives idea that the low enrollments in the work place are taking place. While Solan asked the problems to the staff of administration, the managers never gave any proper guidance to the administrative staffs and also on the other hand, the school students are not receiving any proper quality of education which the univers ity completely overlooked the matter. The administrative departments of the University also did not have any specific goals and objectives to run the management properly (Sapru, 2013). Therefore, it needs to be taken into account about linking the theory with this problem. The need of the implementation of the theory is a must process and accordingly the causes of the problem will be solved. Behavioral Theory of Leadership The main focus of this theory is to study the different behaviors of the Leaders who exercise tremendous influence on the working s of the group (Northhouse, 2015). However, linking to the case study, Jack Solan noticed that it could be said that the certain objectives of the University were being hideen from the Staff as Kevin who is the Director implemented it without consulting Jack Solan as the latter does not carry any past experience about the country and their local behaviors (Northhouse, 2015). Therefore, behind Solan, the teams were given certain impartial objectives which are implemented and resulting to the improper management of the teams. Therefore, the behavior of the leader is must to look down the administration of his team and manage them accordingly. The main causes of these problems can be summarized in two causes. Firstly, if it is taken the immediate cause, there is no availability of the written documents which could set out the objectives of the Business procedures. Secondly, the most important is Jack Solan who is an Australian who is regarded as a Manager Director was not trusted completely by other local senior managers. It might happen they do not want Jack to interfere in the business strategy and as a result the local managers must take care of the administration. The role of ethnicity and motivation play a significant role in this particular case study. Major Problems identified The major problems that could be identified in this case study are Inter cultural and trust issues The intercultural and Trust issues are considered one of the basic problems in this case study. Firstly Jack Solan who is an Australian was appointed as a Director Manager of this University of Australia in Brini Campus which is a Pacific Island Nation. However Jack Solan being an Australian faced some of the cultural or ethnic issues while a meeting was waged with the local organizations and the Government where Solan was completely ignored in the meeting as Outsiders are not trusted completely. Next, without Jack Nolans permission, the objectives of the University are not being cleared to the various administrative departments of the University Of Australia by the Director Kevin who is a local senior manager. Thus, the ethnic division and treating an outsider differently is a question of cultural issue and this needs to be addressed immediately with certain steps and properly (Beirne Hunter, 2013). Lack of Administrative objectives There is a lack which has been noticed by Jack Solan in the sphere of administrative work. At 9:30 am regularly, there would be no one at their desks, phones ring and there is no one to answer. The staff members were not directed properly by the managers to handle the administration well. The most important problem is that the students are not being getting quality education and via nice teaching. Therefore, there are several lacks in the workings of the administrative procedures which are needed to be taken into account properly. If these problems are being let continued without proper supervision, it in the end might hamper the prosperity of the University campus. Facing Tough competition Before opening a campus of the University of Australia in the Brinie island, the challenges were that the children over there prefer to achieve degree in Oxford and Harvard University which are considered as the important and prosperous University. The Vice Chancellor of University of Australia told Jack Solan that both Oxford and Harvard Universities are planning to open their branches in the Brinie campus and it might attract more students for their quality education and teaching. Therefore, this needs to be taken care of by the management of the University. General Evaluation Ethnic Problems are the major concerns in the different spheres of the institutions of the state, it can take place in the job sphere, educational policy and also incorporates the lingual rights and development. Jack Solan was ignored in the meeting and the conversation among the groups was carried out in the different language and his concerns are not being properly addressed by the other people who are local and working in the University. To solve this problem in the university management, in order to implement the objectives People are needed to take part in the decision making process in order to understand the important problems that an organization is facing. Proper communication is necessary in order to cooperate with the other groups of people of the management team (Kornblum, Seccombe Julian, 2017). It is the responsibility of the Vice Chancellor of the University to recruit more Australians so that they can address the problems of decision making procedures (Kornblum, Seccombe Julian, 2017; Holshinger, 2013; Mooney, Knowx Schacht, 2014). Jack Solan should have been strict enough to address the problems properly . He lacked the quality of leadership and with a sound mind, being a manager director it is his prior responsibility to wage cooperation with the other staffs and approach their basic problems by learning some of their local languages. The advantages of these solutions are that these can be the major incentives to the one that if it is implemented properly without hesitation, the much of the problems can be solved. The Vice Chancellor is needed to stay updated about the problems so that he can take steps through the registrar of the University. Jack Solan on the other hand must develop the strict leadership to handle the problems and inform into the Vice Chancellor to take further steps and also at the same time, he needs to state the reasons that why he is kept debarred from important conversations and notices. Updates to the VC and waging communication to the staffs, accordingly taking steps are the advantages that can happen. However, the disadvantages can happen is that, other than the ethnic problems, a conspiracy can be waged behind the managing director tom spoil his career if he tries to take steps properly against the management of the University. The local seniors can take step against him for being boast ing of himself and trying to bring changes in the administrative workings. Lack of Administrative objectives is another form of disadvantages in the efficient workings of the administration To render good quality of education, enrollment of the proper faculty teacher needs to be done so that they can teach their own genre subjects to the students properly. For this the enrollment needs to happen very effectively and the teacher must be judged on the ground of knowledge of their subject (Ramirez Christensen, 2013). The advantage of this solution is that the management would do a favor to the university by making it prosperous by recruiting efficient teachers to give good quality education. The disadvantage of this problem is that the University of Australia that they do not have any specific goals to recruit teachers. Therefore, to address this disadvantage, proper solution needs to be addressed properly. The enrollment of the proper managers is needed to take place who can take of the team members of various departments. The staffs are needed to come in time strictly and the rule needs to be making mandatory. The employer can only grant leave to the employee on the serious conditions relating to family or health. If a long absence happens, the team member must be warned about it (Musselin, 2013; Kornblum, Seccombe Julian, 2017; Shaw, 2015). The University must promise the staff to give benefits to the employees so that they are being encouraged to turn up in the office and show their workforce in the university sphere (Musselin, 2013). They must be engaged into huge workloads. The advantage of this policy is that the workers can indulge themselves into more work and they would be enthusiastic to come and visit offices. However the disadvantage can happen is that too much work pressure can make the office workers irritated and this might result to leaving offices. Therefore nothing too much and too less is good for the health of the business objectives. A strategy needs to be developed in order to make the working of the various departments of the University efficient. The enrollment of the good managers must also happen on the basis of their way of administrating and skills they gathered from the previous experiences so accordingly they needs to be recruited having various ethnic backgrounds (Musselin, 2013). The advantage about this is that the people met the requirements of the managerial skills would be recruited to serve the terms of office. The disadvantage can happen in terms of recruiting proper people for the proper post is that the recruitment strategies are needed to be updated, if following the old recruitment strategy later on it would result to the high turnover of the employees (Musselin, 2013). Facing tough competition from the other universities such as Oxford and Harvard is a matter of concern. As The University of Australia in the Brine Campus is the new University, the working needs to be effective In terms of recruiting teachers Proper disciplines among the members of the University Reducing differences among the workers Directing perfect group. The disadvantages of each of the solution is the motivation of the self interested people who is running the business for their own self, if they are being not checked properly, the University might face lost of troubles. The advantages, is the proper implementation of the solutions and making it more competitive. Recommendation The recommendation offered as a whole to these problems is to have a specific business strategy to solve the problems of the ongoing problems. A perfect business strategy based on quality needs to be proposed so that in terms of administrative reforms and equity done to both workers and Children to take part in the discussion. The proper consultation with the University head and the management team needs to done properly and question them why these problems are happenings and accordingly the major steps are needed to be discussed. Implementation Who What When and Where How Cost University of Vice Chancellor Called the meeting -To discuss the important issues facing by the manager directors in terms of handling the administration. -Important points are needed to be discussed in terms of staff satisfaction by providing benefits or bonus and give them work so that they can come regularly to office. -To achieve business goals and objectives. 28th August, 2017 Office of Melbourne -Vice Chancellor to arrange a meeting in order to explain the reason of the reviews put forwarded by the Managing Director of the University. - The expense cost needs to be set up for enrolling teachers in schools References Beirne, M., Hunter, P. (2013). Workplace bullying and the challenge of pre-emptive management.Personnel Review,42(5), 595-612. Hogg, M. A. (2016). Social identity theory. InUnderstanding Peace and Conflict Through Social Identity Theory(pp. 3-17). Springer International Publishing. Holsinger, K. (2013).Teaching justice: Solving social justice problems through university education. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Kornblum, W., Seccombe, K., Julian, J. (2017).Social problems. Pearson. Mooney, L., Knox, D., Schacht, C. (2014).Understanding social problems. Nelson Education. Murugesan, G. (2014).Principles of Management. Laxmi Publications. Musselin, C. (2013). Redefinition of the relationships between academics and their university.Higher Education,65(1), 25-37. Northouse, P. G. (2015).Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications. Ramirez, F. O., Christensen, T. (2013). The formalization of the university: Rules, roots, and routes.Higher Education,65(6), 695-708. Sapru, R. K. (2013).Administrative theories and management thought. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Shaw, S. J. (2015).Financial and Administrative Organization and Development. Princeton University Press. Smith, R. C. (2013).Uncertainty quantification: theory, implementation, and applications(Vol. 12). Siam.

Compare and Contrast Essay Samples For the Next Grade

Compare and Contrast Essay Samples For the Next GradeIf you are a high school student who wants to prepare for the next state test and wants to prepare for a college entrance exam, you need to learn how to compare and contrast essay samples for the next grade. The next grade is a big leap and your competition will be stiff. Some of the top schools give out multiple A's and you will have to do well in order to get into the best programs. By learning how to compare and contrast essay samples for the next grade, you will improve your essay and expose yourself to a world of intellectual challenges.The top colleges in the country to give out the highest grades for their students. Since so many of them are competing with each other for these top honors, you want to show your students how to compare and contrast essay samples for the next grade. Most college students in the high school can't compare the essays they read from one college to another. This is why you will find that your studen ts are not looking at this as an excellent opportunity to improve their own writing skills.You need to begin by learning how to compare and contrast essay samples for the next grade. First of all, your students need to do an essay on a subject that is relevant to the program they want to go to. It doesn't matter if it is an English class, music class, or dance class, the curriculum must be clear. In many cases, the syllabus will give some ideas on how to choose relevant topics. This will allow you to compare and contrast essay samples for the next grade.There are more ways than ever to compare and contrast essay samples for the next grade. In high school, the syllabus will often provide sample essays for the class on a topic the students are required to study. You can use these samples to compare and contrast essay samples for the next grade. This will help students think about the subjects they will be studying and discover more information about those subjects.Once you have done t his, you need to take the paper and do an analysis. This analysis is where you compare and contrast essay samples for the next grade. Your students need to figure out how much this paper improved their understanding of the subject.The next step is to help students prepare for the next test. Students can now compare and contrast essay samples for the next grade. This can involve the program the student wants to go to. For example, if they want to major in engineering, you can consider how they would apply engineering courses to the school's curriculum. This will give them a better chance of choosing a program and seeing the changes it has made to their program.These are just a few tips for comparing and contrasting essay samples for the next grade. Many colleges and universities now make it easy for their students to compare and contrast essay samples for the next grade. They have made this easy by providing sample essays for the subjects the students are taking. By providing these e ssays, you can help students prepare for the next grade.

Thomas Jefferson Essays (1527 words) - Thomas Jefferson,

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson symbolizes the promise and the contradictions of Americas historical heritage. As the third president of the United States, a diplomat, plantation owner, architect, scientist, and philosopher, he is one of the most important figures in American history. The writings of Thomas Jefferson are today more meaningful than ever before in Americas history. You could reach into your pocket, pull out a nickel and find him gazing into the middle distance. Jefferson was born on April 13 (April 2, Old Style), 1743, at Shadwell, the most important of the tobacco plantations owned by his father Peter Jefferson, in the Virginia upcountry. An intelligent man, although educated, Peter Jefferson became a successful surveyor, landowner, and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses from Albemarle County. His wife Jane Randolph, a member of one of the most distinguished Virginia families. As a child, he enjoyed to the full the advantages of his familys position in life: the books, the ho rses, and the good life of the Big Houses at Tuckahoe and Shadwell. When his father died he left his fourteen-year-old son with not only valuable lands and property but the inheritance of Virginia wealth as well as loving and caring advise. Thomas not formally educated himself; he studied at Revered Mr. Maurys school, not far from Shadwell. After two years in the spring of 1760, he left his native Albemarle to attend William and Mary College. Jefferson gives evidence of enjoying to the party scene: the music, the dancing, the flirtations, and the punch drinking. After graduating from William and Mary in the spring of 1762, Jefferson studied law five years under George Wythe. Knowledge of the law is essential to an understanding of governmental procedures. He became a successful lawyer starting his career. When Jefferson was turning thirty he started his political career. In January of 1772, he had married Martha Wayles Skelton. After being married, they moved to Monticello, not far from his old home in Shadwell, this had been destroyed by fire in 1770. Jefferson arrived in Philadelphia in June 1775 as a Virginia delegate to the Second Continental Congress; he already possessed, as John Adams remarked. A reputation for literature, science, and a happy talent of composition. When he returned a later, he was appointed to the five- man committee, including Benjamin Franklin and John Adams. Which is the most important assignment ever given in the history of America: the drafting of a formal declaration of independence from Great Britain. Jefferson had the responsibility of preparing the draft, and was finally approved on July 4, 1776. By the age of thirty-three, his reputation had grown. Returning to the Virginia House of Delegates in October 1776, Jefferson at once set to work on a carefully planned reform of the laws of Virginia. He introduced a bill to reorganize the courts of justice. Jefferson made the most of his opportunity to modernize the body of the law. He surveyed the whole field of education, and proposed a systematic plan of statewide education. He attempted to write religious toleration into the laws of Virginia by separating Church and State; when the Bill for establishing Religious Freedom was finally passed in 1785, he considered it a major contribution to American society. In June of 1779, he was elected Governor of Virginia. Jefferson took up his duties at a time when the British were raiding Virginia; in control of the sea, they could send forth-plundering parties to capture food and ammunition, and destroy. Jefferson himself escaped capture at the hands of troops by Colonel Tarleton. In June of 1781 he had injured his wrist and was unable to ride for some time. During this period, he wrote to Marquis de Marbois, Secretary of the French Legation at Philadelphia. The observations Jefferson had been making for years about the surrounding country, its climate, its natural beauties, minerals, waterways, agriculture, and gove rnment. The manuscript was later the Notes of Virginia. In September 1782, Jeffersons wife ill since the birth of their last daughter died. Shortly after in June 1783, the General Assembly of Virginia elected Jefferson as a delegate to the Confederation Congress where he again headed important committees, drafted man

Franz Kafkas The Judgment Summary

Franz Kafka's The Judgment Summary Franz Kafka’s â€Å"The Judgment† is the tale of a quiet young man caught in an outrageous situation. The story starts off by following its main character, Georg Bendemann, as he deals with a series of day-to-day concerns: his upcoming marriage, his family’s business affairs, his long-distance correspondence with an old friend, and, perhaps most importantly, his relationship with his aged father. Although Kafka’s third-person narration maps out the circumstances of Georg’s life with considerable detail, â€Å"The Judgment† is not really a sprawling work of fiction. All the main events of the story occur on a â€Å"Sunday morning in the height of spring† (p.49). And, until the very end, all the main events of the story take place in the small, gloomy house that Georg shares with his father. But as the story progresses, Georg’s life takes a bizarre turn. For much of â€Å"The Judgment†, Georg’s father is depicted as a weak, helpless man- a shadow, it seems, of the imposing businessman he once was. Yet this father transforms into a figure of enormous knowledge and power. He springs up in fury when Georg is tucking him into bed, viciously mocks Georg’s friendships and upcoming marriage, and ends by condemning his son to â€Å"death by drowning†. Georg flees the scene. And instead of thinking over or rebelling against what he has seen, he rushes to a nearby bridge, swings over the railing, and carries out his father’s wish: â€Å"With weakening grip he was still holding on when he spied between the railings a motor-bus coming which would easily cover the noise of his fall, called in a low voice: ‘Dear parents, I have always loved you, all the same,’ and let himself drop† (p. 63). Kafka’s Writing Methods As Kafka states in his diary for 1912, â€Å"this story, ‘The Judgment’, I wrote in one sitting of the 22nd-23rd, from ten o’clock to six o’clock in the morning. I was hardly able to pull my legs out from under the desk, they had got so stiff from sitting. The fearful strain and joy, how the story developed before me as if I were advancing over water†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This method of rapid, continuous, one-shot composition wasn’t simply Kafka’s method for â€Å"The Judgment†. It was his ideal method of writing fiction. In the same diary entry, Kafka declares that â€Å"only in this way can writing be done, only with such coherence, with such a complete opening out of the body and soul.† Of all his stories, â€Å"The Judgment† was apparently the one that pleased Kafka the most. The writing method that he used for this bleak tale became one of the standards that he used to judge his other pieces of fiction. In a 1914 diary entry, Kafka recorded his â€Å"great antipathy to The Metamorphosis. Unreadable ending. Imperfect almost to its very marrow. It would have turned out very much better if I had not been interrupted at the time by the business trip.† The Metamorphosis was one of Kafka’s better-known stories during his lifetime, and it is almost without a doubt his best-known story today. Yet for Kafka, it represented an unfortunate departure from the method of highly-focused composition and unbroken emotional investment exemplified by â€Å"The Judgment.† Kafka’s Own Father Kafka’s relationship with his father was quite uneasy. Hermann Kafka was a well-off businessman, and a figure who inspired a mixture of intimidation, anxiety, and grudging respect in his sensitive son Franz. In his â€Å"Letter to My Father†, Kafka acknowledges his father’s â€Å"dislike of my writing and all that, unknown to you, was connected with it.† But as depicted in this famous (and unsent) letter, Hermann Kafka is also canny and manipulative. He is fearsome, but not outwardly brutal. In the younger Kafka’s words, â€Å"I might go on to describe further orbits of your influence and of struggle against it, but there I would be entering uncertain ground and would have to construct things, and apart from that, the further you are at a remove from your business and your family the pleasanter you have always become, easier to get on with, better mannered, more considerate, and more sympathetic (I mean outwardly too), in exactly the same way as for instance an autocrat, when he happen to be outside the frontiers of his own country, has no reason to go on being tyrannical and is able to associate good-humoredly with even the lowest of the low.† Revolutionary Russia Throughout â€Å"The Judgment†, Georg mulls over his correspondence with a friend â€Å"who had actually run away to  Russia some years before, being dissatisfied with his prospects at home† (49). Georg even reminds his father of this friend’s â€Å"incredible stories of the Russian Revolution. For instance, when he was on a business trip in Kiev and ran into a riot, and saw a priest on a balcony who cut a broad cross in blood on the palm of his hand and held the hand up and appealed to the mob† (58). Kafka may be referring to the Russian Revolution of 1905. In fact, one of the leaders of this Revolution was a priest named Gregory Gapon, who organized a peaceful march outside the Winter Palace in  St. Petersburg. Nonetheless, it would be wrong to assume that Kafka wants to provide a historically accurate picture of early 20th-century Russia. In â€Å"The Judgment†, Russia is a perilously exotic place. It is a stretch of the world that Georg and his father have never seen and perhaps doesnt understand, and somewhere that Kafka, consequently, would have little reason to describe in documentary detail. (As an author, Kafka was not averse to simultaneously talking about foreign locations and keeping them at a distance. After all, he began composing the novel Amerika without having visited the United States.) Yet Kafka was well versed in certain Russian authors, particularly Dostoevsky. From reading Russian literature, he may have gleaned the stark, unsettling, imaginary visions of Russia that crop up in â€Å"The Judgment.† Consider, for instance, Georg’s speculations about his friend: â€Å"Lost in the vastness of Russia he saw him. At the door of an empty, plundered warehouse he saw him. Among the wreckage of his showcases, the slashed remnants of his wares, the falling gas brackets, he was just standing up. Why, why did he have to go so far away!† (p. 59). Money, Business, and Power Matters of trade and finance initially draw Georg and his father together- only to become a subject of discord and contention later in â€Å"The Judgment†. Early on, Georg tells his father that â€Å"I can’t do without you in the business, you know that very well† (56). Though they are bound together by the family firm, Georg does seem to hold most of the power. He sees his father as an â€Å"old man† who- if he didn’t have a kind or pitying son- â€Å"would go on living alone in the old house† (58). But when Georg’s father finds his voice late in the story, he ridicules his son’s business activities. Now, instead of submitting to Georg’s favors, he gleefully reproaches Georg for â€Å"strutting through the world, finishing off deals I had prepared for him, bursting with triumphant glee and stealing away from his father with the closed face of a respectable business man!† (61). Unreliable Information, and Complex Reactions Late in â€Å"The Judgment,† some of Georg’s most basic assumptions are rapidly overturned. Georg’s father goes from seeming physically depleted to making outlandish, even violent physical gestures. Georg’s father reveals that his knowledge of the Russian friend is much, much deeper than Georg had ever imagined. As the father triumphantly states the case to Georg, â€Å"he knows everything a hundred times better than you do yourself, in his left hand he crumples your letters unopened while in his right hand he holds up my letters to read through!† (62). Georg reacts to this news- and many of the father’s other pronouncements- without any doubt or questioning. Yet the situation should not be so straightforward for Kafka’s reader. When Georg and his father are in the midst of their conflict, Georg seldom seems to think over what he is hearing in any detail. However, the events of â€Å"The Judgment† are so strange and so sudden that, at times, it seems Kafka is inviting us to do the difficult analytic and interpretive work that Georg himself seldom performs. Georg’s father may be exaggerating, or lying. Or maybe Kafka has created a story that is more like a dream than a depiction of reality- a story where the most twisted, overblown, unthinking reactions make a kind of hidden, perfect sense. Discussion Questions Does â€Å"The Judgment† strike you as a story that was written in one impassioned sitting? Are there any times when it doesn’t follow Kaka’s standards of â€Å"coherence† and â€Å"opening out†- times when Kafka’s writing is reserved or puzzling, for instance?Who or what, from the real world, is Kafka criticizing in â€Å"The Judgment†? His father? Family values? Capitalism? Himself? Or do you read â€Å"The Judgment† as a story that, instead of aiming at a specific satiric target, simply aims to shock and entertain its readers?How would you sum up the way Georg feels about his father? The way his father feels about him? Are there any facts you don’t know, but that could change your views on this question if you did know them?Did you find â€Å"The Judgment† mostly disturbing or mostly humorous? Are there any times when Kafka manages to be disturbing and humorous at the same moment? Source Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis, In The Penal Colony, and Other Stories. Paperback, Touchstone, 1714.

The Transformation of the Music Industry Supply Chain Essay

The Transformation of the Music Industry Supply Chain - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that developments such as Information Technology (IT) have had profound impacts on the way companies do business. Of late, companies have had to rethink the way their activities are coordinated from production to the final consumers. These shifts in company’s actions have not been initiated by technology alone. The theory of investment, changes in consumer preferences, taste and fashion have had a profound impact in shaping company’s strategy. Supply chain management (SCM) has been considered as the most popular operations strategy to help companies sail through these challenges and for improving organisational competitiveness in the twenty-first century. In the 1990s, agile manufacturing (AM) gained momentum and received due attention from both researchers and practitioners as SCM gradually attract interest. Both AM and SCM appear to differ in philosophical emphasis, but each complements the other in objectives for improving organisational competitiveness.Supply Chain Management (SCM) activities are related to problem-solving, information sharing, and cost reduction initiatives. The influences of individual-level antecedents on post-adoption utilisation of a specialised IT within an SCM context were examined by Bradley. Bradley found out that 92% of the people he questioned in1999, were planning to implement one or more supply chain initiatives. Supply chain plans to integrate key business activities through improved relationships at all levels of the supply chains. In short, SCM has become a necessity for any firm seeking to solidify its position in the marketplace. An effective supply chain includes a variety of firms, ranging from those that process raw materials to those engaged in wholesaling and retailing. It also includes organisations engaged in transportation, warehousing, information processing, and materials handling. 1.2 Supply-Chain and the Music Industry Supply chain is a competitive management technique employed within the last two decades to ensure the effective flow of resources, information, services within and organisation network. Today, organisations have adopted it as a strategic competitive weapon as they continue to seek competitive advantage. This quest by organisation explained the recent influx of research into SCM. Hines, P. & Rich, N. (2005) postulated that SCM has become a converging ground for various disciplines and integrate key business activities through improved relationships at all levels of the supply chains (Internal operations, upstream supplier, networks and downstream distribution channels. In figure 1.0 below, I try to look at key players in the music industry and some of their labels. This table has been adapted from http://www.soc.duke.edu . 1.2.1 Warner Music Group Being the largest in the industry, it has total assets of over $16.7 billion. The company started in the 20s following an attempt to control music. It owns the Warner music group with publisher, Warner/Chappel Music Publishing. It merger with EMI Ltd. in 2000 took it to the dominant market position. 1.2.2 Sony Music With the main publisher Sony music publishing and Columbia records, to complement its hardware operations, the management of Sony created a software manufacturing and distribution system. Sony music is a key player in the music indusrty 1.2.3 PolyGram N.V. The company has a Dutch origin and is 75% own by Phillips. The position of the company today resulted from a

Western and Chinese landscape painting Research Paper

Western and Chinese landscape painting - Research Paper Example The essay "Western and Chinese landscape painting" compares Western landscape painting with Chinese landscape painting. Most of these landscapes do exist up to now because they were and are still being used as archeological sites. Although landscape painting is believed to have been practiced all over the world, it is the Western and Chinese landscape paintings that are more predominant in archeological sites and art galleries that focus on landscape painting. Western and Chinese cultures depict a wide range of landscape painting. In most paintings, the background always contains a physical feature. In China, this is always accompanied with a waterfall or a mountain while in the West it is accompanied by rivers and lakes . To discus more about Western and Chinese landscape paintings, we will use landscape painting (1), Poet on a Mountain c. 1500 by Shen Zhou, to represent Chinese culture, as well as landscape painting (2), Poppies Blooming by Claude Monet to represent the Western cul ture. In Chinese culture, landscape painting was inspired by philosophy, represented by pure landscape and devoid of human life. Most of the landscapes were based on imaginary sceneries, such as mountain, but there was a common problem in bridging the gap between the foreground and background, or objects in far range. To solve this problem, most Chinese painters used a dead ground or the use of mist. However, in Chinese culture, there was a slight difference between the East and West Asia in the landscape paints.; in West Asia there was the classification of art according to its prestige and cultural value. This practice was known as hierarchy of genres while in East Asia the form of mountain-water ink was the most common and valued form of landscape art. East Asia dealt with imaginary landscape while the West painters dealt with history painting. With time, they required landscape painting and a poem inscribed on the painting with the use of figures to make landscape look more reli gious. A good example is one of the Chinese masterpieces by Shen Zhou which combined the painting and the poem as a religious saying: â€Å"White clouds encircle the mountain waist like a sash. Stone steps mount high into the void where the narrow path leads far. Alone, leaning on my rustic staff I gaze idly into the distance. My longing for the notes of a flute is answered in the murmurings of the gorge5." In Western culture, landscape painting philosophies were based on religious practices and carried significant spiritual weight. Also in the Western culture, artists tried to make the landscape art as real as possible6. In Chinese culture, their landscape painting aesthetics involved a lot of white or blank space, which allowed the observer to fill the void with his or her own imagination enabling different viewers to have different view of the painting, as this will depend on what or how they decided to fill the void. In addition, the Chinese landscape painting allowed the viewe r to focus on a particular image, as most of the paintings were usually blank, as in filled with mist or fog, to scrap the unwanted information, and with focused imagination allowed the observer to express his or her fillings to the image easily. In Western culture, landscape painting aesthetics included all the details that a naked eye could see when looking at a scene and this was to help the viewer to feel as if he or she was present t